German tax knowledge

Crypto holding period in Germany: when is a sale tax-free?

Last reviewed: August 15, 2026
In Germany, private crypto disposals are generally tax-free after a one-year holding period (section 23 (1) sentence 1 no. 2 EStG). The clock starts with the acquisition of the specific lot, not with the first time you ever bought the coin. If you use the coins to generate income, for example by staking, the German Ministry of Finance letter of 10 May 2022 may require a longer period. That view is disputed and should be checked with a tax advisor in the individual case.
The facts in brief
Period1 year per lot
RuleSection 23 (1) sentence 1 no. 2 EStG
ExceptionStaking may extend the period (MoF, disputed)

What counts as an acquisition and as a disposal?

An acquisition is a purchase for consideration: buying with euro, swapping for another crypto asset, receiving coins from a swap. A disposal is any transfer for consideration, so a sale for fiat and usually also a crypto-to-crypto swap. Unpaid movements such as a transfer between your own wallets do not restart the clock if both sides are fully documented.

How is the one-year period calculated?

The period is lot-specific. Bitcoin bought in 2017 and topped up in 2024 are two lots. Only the older lot can already be tax-free. FIFO or another method decides which lot is treated as sold. If the purchase is missing, the start date is missing — and the tax office cannot accept the exemption.

Does staking change the holding period?

The Ministry of Finance letter of 10 May 2022 says that using coins to generate income can extend the speculation period to ten years. Tax courts have criticised parts of that view. Until the highest court settles it, document staking, lending and similar use separately and do not let the software guess the legal outcome.

What must the report make traceable?

Purchase date, cost basis, sale date, proceeds and the lot assignment. That is exactly what breaks when prices are missing, balances go negative or a transfer is booked as a sale. CleanUp in chain.report closes those gaps before the report goes to the tax office.

Frequently asked questions

Does the holding period apply per coin or per purchase?

Per acquisition, so per lot. A ticker does not have a holding period of its own.

Is a transfer to a hardware wallet a disposal?

No, if you remain the beneficial owner and both sides are imported. If one side is missing, the tool often shows a sale.

Does the one-year rule also apply in Austria?

No. Austria taxes crypto differently, including a moving-average method. Copying the German holding period is wrong.

Read next

This guide structures the data issues and common German administrative practice. It is not tax advice. The assessment in your case stays with you and your tax advisor.

Prove the holding period with a complete history

Import exchanges and wallets and close missing purchases, prices and transfers. Only then is the one-year period defensible in the report.

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